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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 2024 Feb 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466575

RESUMO

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a multifactorial disorder. A possible role of the social network and the gut microbiota in pathogenesis has been added. Exogenous shocks such as the COVID19 pandemic have had a negative impact on patients with AN. The potential medical and nutritional impact of malnutrition and/or compensatory behaviors gives rise to a complex disease with a wide range of severity, the management of which requires a multidisciplinary team with a high level of subject matter expertise. Coordination between levels of care is necessary as well as understanding how to transition the patient from pediatric to adult care is essential. A proper clinical evaluation can detect possible complications, as well as establish the organic risk of the patient. This allows caregivers to tailor the medical-nutritional treatment for each patient. Reestablishing adequate nutritional behaviors is a fundamental pillar of treatment in AN. The design of a personalized nutritional treatment and education program is necessary for this purpose. Depending on the clinical severity, artificial nutrition may be necessary. Although the decision regarding the level of care necessary at diagnosis or during follow-up depends on a number of factors (awareness of the disease, medical stability, complications, suicidal risk, outpatient treatment failure, psychosocial context, etc.), outpatient treatment is the most frequent and most preferred choice. However, more intensive care (total or partial hospitalization) may be necessary in certain cases. In severely malnourished patients, the appearance of refeeding syndrome should be prevented during renourishment. The presence of AN in certain situations (pregnancy, vegetarianism, type 1 diabetes mellitus) requires specific care. Physical activity in these patients must also be addressed correctly.

2.
Nutr Hosp ; 41(Spec No1): 1-60, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38328958

RESUMO

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a multifactorial disorder. A possible role of the social network and the gut microbiota in pathogenesis has been added. Exogenous shocks such as the COVID19 pandemic have had a negative impact on patients with AN. The potential medical and nutritional impact of malnutrition and/or compensatory behaviors gives rise to a complex disease with a wide range of severity, the management of which requires a multidisciplinary team with a high level of subject matter expertise. Coordination between levels of care is necessary as well as understanding how to transition the patient from pediatric to adult care is essential. A proper clinical evaluation can detect possible complications, as well as establish the organic risk of the patient. This allows caregivers to tailor the medical-nutritional treatment for each patient. Reestablishing adequate nutritional behaviors is a fundamental pillar of treatment in AN. The design of a personalized nutritional treatment and education program is necessary for this purpose. Depending on the clinical severity, artificial nutrition may be necessary. Although the decision regarding the level of care necessary at diagnosis or during follow-up depends on a number of factors (awareness of the disease, medical stability, complications, suicidal risk, outpatient treatment failure, psychosocial context, etc.), outpatient treatment is the most frequent and most preferred choice. However, more intensive care (total or partial hospitalization) may be necessary in certain cases. In severely malnourished patients, the appearance of refeeding syndrome should be prevented during renourishment. The presence of AN in certain situations (pregnancy, vegetarianism, type 1 diabetes mellitus) requires specific care. Physical activity in these patients must also be addressed correctly.


Introducción: La anorexia nerviosa (AN) es una enfermedad de origen multifactorial. Recientemente se ha sumado el papel de las redes sociales y la microbiota intestinal en la patogenia. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto negativo en los pacientes con AN. La potencial afectación médica y nutricional derivada de la desnutrición o las conductas compensatorias dan lugar a una compleja enfermedad de gravedad variable, cuyo manejo precisa un equipo multidisciplinar con elevado nivel de conocimientos en la materia. Es fundamental la coordinación entre niveles asistenciales y en la transición de pediatría a adultos. Una adecuada valoración clínica permite detectar eventuales complicaciones, así como establecer el riesgo orgánico del paciente y, por tanto, adecuar el tratamiento médico-nutricional de forma individualizada. El restablecimiento de un apropiado estado nutricional es un pilar fundamental del tratamiento en la AN. Para ello es necesario diseñar una intervención de renutrición individualizada que incluya un programa de educación nutricional. Según el escenario clínico puede ser necesaria la nutrición artificial. Aunque la decisión de qué nivel de atención escoger al diagnóstico o durante el seguimiento depende de numerosas variables (conciencia de enfermedad, estabilidad médica, complicaciones, riesgo autolítico, fracaso del tratamiento ambulatorio o contexto psicosocial, entre otros), el tratamiento ambulatorio es de elección en la mayoría de las ocasiones. No obstante, puede ser necesario un escenario más intensivo (hospitalización total o parcial) en casos seleccionados. En pacientes gravemente desnutridos debe prevenirse la aparición de un síndrome de alimentación cuando se inicia la renutrición. La presencia de una AN en determinadas situaciones (gestación, vegetarianismo, diabetes mellitus de tipo 1, etc.) exige un manejo particular. En estos pacientes también debe abordarse de forma correcta el ejercicio físico.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Desnutrição , Transição para Assistência do Adulto , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Anorexia Nervosa/complicações , Anorexia Nervosa/terapia , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Consenso , Desnutrição/terapia
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 40(1): 213-221, 2023 Feb 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36633515

RESUMO

Introduction: Introduction: eating disorders (EDs) entail a therapeutic challenge. Objective: to describe ED care from the perspective of Nutrition Units (NU) in relation to human and care resources, the activities carried out, and satisfaction with care in Spain; to collect demands from professionals to improve assistance. Methods: a cross-sectional, observational study based on a questionnaire sent online to members of the Spanish Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SENPE) and to the Nutrition Area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN). The data were analyzed according to number of beds of the hospitals surveyed (< 500/≥ 500). Results: 23 responses from 8 autonomous communities. In 87 % of NUs care was given to eating disorders; 65.2 % had a specific process; 91.3 % collaborated with Psychiatry; 34.8 % had their own hospitalization area; 56.5 % had a day hospital, but 21.7 % participated in it; 39.1 % had a monographic consultation office; nutritional education was carried out in 87 %, especially by nursing; individualized diets and oral supplements were frequently prescribed in 39.1 % and 56.5 %, respectively; only the largest hospitals participated in research on EDs (62.5 %), and 21.7 % collaborated with patient associations. Hospitals with ≥ 500 beds had more resources and were more satisfied. Professionals demanded resources and processes agreed with Psychiatry. Conclusions: resources and care practices are uneven in the NUs surveyed, as well as multidisciplinary collaboration. The collected evidence allows us to design improvement strategies in this area.


Introducción: Introducción: los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) suponen un reto terapéutico. Objetivo: describir la asistencia a los TCA desde la perspectiva de las unidades de nutrición clínica y dietética (UNCyD) en relación con los recursos humanos y asistenciales, las actividades realizadas y la satisfacción con la atención en España; recoger demandas de los profesionales para mejorar la asistencia. Métodos: estudio transversal y observacional a partir de un cuestionario remitido online a socios de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Clínica y Metabolismo (SENPE) y al Área de Nutrición de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición (SEEN). Los datos se analizaron según las camas de los hospitales encuestados (< 500/≥ 500). Resultados: 23 respuestas de 8 comunidades autónomas. En el 87 % de las UNCyD se prestaba atención a los TCA; el 65,2 % contaban con un proceso específico; el 91,3 % colaboraban con Psiquiatría; el 34,8 % tenían área propia de hospitalización; el 56,5 % disponían de hospital de día pero participaban en él el 21,7 %; el 39,1 % tenían consulta monográfica; se realizaba educación nutricional en el 87 %, sobre todo por enfermería; se prescribían frecuentemente dietas individualizadas y suplementos orales en el 39,1 y el 56,5 %, respectivamente; solo los hospitales más grandes participaban en investigación sobre TCA (62,5 %); y el 21,7 % colaboraban con asociaciones de pacientes. Los hospitales con ≥ 500 camas disponían de más recursos y estaban más satisfechos. Los profesionales demandaban recursos y procesos consensuados con psiquiatría. Conclusiones: los recursos y las prácticas asistenciales son dispares en las UNCyD encuestadas, así como la colaboración multidisciplinar. La evidencia recogida permite diseñar estrategias de mejora en este ámbito.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/terapia , Encaminhamento e Consulta
4.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 69(10): 878-887, 2022 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36446711

RESUMO

Dementia is an increasingly prevalent disease in our environment, with significant health and social repercussions. Despite the available scientific evidence, there is still controversy regarding the use of enteral tube nutrition in people with advanced dementia. This document aims to reflect on the key aspects of advanced dementia, tube nutritional therapy and related ethical considerations, as well as to respond to several frequent questions that arise in our daily clinical practice.


Assuntos
Demência , Nutrição Enteral , Humanos , Demência/terapia
5.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 69(9): 715-722, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36437197

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder associated with many medical complications. Regarding phosphorus metabolism, the only recognized alteration is hypophosphatemia associated with refeeding syndrome. However, in our clinical practice, we have observed a high frequency of hyperphosphatemia in late phases of nutrition therapy in severely undernourished AN patients, which has barely been described. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study of patients with AN hospitalized for severe decompensation of the disease. RESULTS: Eleven patients were included, all women, with a median age of 23 years [20-46] and a body mass index at admission of 12.2 kg/m2 [11.7-13.1]. Hyperphosphatemia was noted in 9 of the 11 cases (81.8%) with a median time to onset of 53 days [30-75]. The median peak serum phosphorus (P) level was 5.1 mg/dl [4.9-5.4]. An inverse relationship was found between the increase in P levels and phosphorus supplementation at the onset of admission. The magnitude of the P increase was associated with the body weight gain achieved during nutrition therapy. CONCLUSION: Late hyperphosphatemia during nutrition therapy in severely undernourished AN patients affects more than 80% of cases. Body weight gain throughout nutrition therapy is a predictor of increased P levels.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa , Hiperfosfatemia , Síndrome da Realimentação , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Anorexia Nervosa/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome da Realimentação/complicações , Aumento de Peso , Hiperfosfatemia/etiologia , Fósforo
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(Spec No2): 121-127, 2022 Aug 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35748360

RESUMO

Introduction: Obesity is a public health problem due to its high prevalence, high morbidity, and high mortality. The relationship between eating disorders (ED) and obesity is widely established. A healthcare professional that cares for people with obesity must take into account a series of best practices to minimize the risk of developing an ED in the course of treatment for weight loss. Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective, long-term treatment in selected patients with severe obesity. During the preoperative period, it is essential to detect any ED due to its high prevalence in this group. After surgery, the presence of a post-op ED and its possible relationship in terms of poorer outcomes make screening during follow-up after surgery essential. From a preventive perspective, cognitive-behavioral therapy before BS could positively influence postoperative results, and its use after BS could improve weight loss efficacy and reduce binge eating and grazing. From a more holistic preventive perspective, many believe in an integrative approach to both obesity and ED. In order to be successful, it is essential to identify any relevant risk and protective factors for both disorders.


Introducción: La obesidad constituye un problema de salud pública por su alta prevalencia y elevada morbimortalidad. La relación entre los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y la obesidad está ampliamente establecida. Es importante que el profesional que atiende a personas con obesidad tenga en cuenta una serie de premisas que minimicen el riesgo de aparición de un trastorno alimentario en el transcurso del tratamiento para perder peso. La cirugía bariátrica (CB) constituye un tratamiento efectivo a largo plazo en los pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados con obesidad grave. Por un lado, la elevada prevalencia de los TCA en este colectivo hace imprescindible la detección de estos trastornos en el preoperatorio. Por otro lado, la presencia de los TCA después de la cirugía y su posible relación en cuanto a peores resultados hace fundamental el cribado durante el seguimiento tras la intervención. Desde el punto de vista preventivo, la realización de una terapia cognitivo-conductual antes de la CB podría influir positivamente en los resultados posoperatorios y su empleo después podría mejorar la eficacia en cuanto a pérdida de peso y disminuir los atracones y el "grazing". Desde una perspectiva más global en relación a la prevención, son muchos quienes apuestan por un enfoque integrador para la obesidad y los TCA. Para ello es fundamental identificar los factores de riesgo y los protectores que tengan relevancia en ambos trastornos.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Obesidade Mórbida , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Redução de Peso
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(Spec No2): 3-7, 2022 Aug 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35748366

RESUMO

Introduction: Los TCA configuran un grupo de problemas de salud en los que la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal se combina con alteraciones en la conducta alimentaria, baja autoestima, problemas de perfeccionismo, depresión o ansiedad social, entre otros. Estos trastornos pueden ser graves y acompañarse de serias complicaciones y comorbilidades. Se presentan generalmente en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes y los mejor caracterizados son la anorexia nerviosa (AN), la bulimia nerviosa (BN) y el trastorno por atracón (TA). Analizando los programas de prevención de estos trastornos, se observa que en su mayor parte se dirigen a mujeres adolescentes en educación secundaria y jóvenes. Son escasas las intervenciones en edades tempranas, en adultos y en varones. Los programas con buenos resultados se han centrado en uno o más factores de riesgo, se basan en enfoques cognitivos o conductuales e incluyen contenidos sobre alimentación saludable o nutrición, alfabetización mediática o presiones socioculturales y aceptación corporal o satisfacción corporal. Muchos de ellos, incorporan nuevas tecnologías y son interactivos. Se necesita más investigación y programas de prevención de TCA innovadores dirigidos a niños pequeños, adultos y varones.


Introducción: Los TCA configuran un grupo de problemas de salud en los que la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal se combina con alteraciones en la conducta alimentaria, baja autoestima, problemas de perfeccionismo, depresión o ansiedad social, entre otros. Estos trastornos pueden ser graves y acompañarse de serias complicaciones y comorbilidades. Se presentan generalmente en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes y los mejor caracterizados son la anorexia nerviosa (AN), la bulimia nerviosa (BN) y el trastorno por atracón (TA). Analizando los programas de prevención de estos trastornos, se observa que en su mayor parte se dirigen a mujeres adolescentes en educación secundaria y jóvenes. Son escasas las intervenciones en edades tempranas, en adultos y en varones. Los programas con buenos resultados se han centrado en uno o más factores de riesgo, se basan en enfoques cognitivos o conductuales e incluyen contenidos sobre alimentación saludable o nutrición, alfabetización mediática o presiones socioculturales y aceptación corporal o satisfacción corporal. Muchos de ellos, incorporan nuevas tecnologías y son interactivos. Se necesita más investigación y programas de prevención de TCA innovadores dirigidos a niños pequeños, adultos y varones.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Consenso , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Humanos
9.
Nutr Hosp ; 39(Spec No2): 129-137, 2022 Aug 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35748384

RESUMO

Introduction: There are many clinical situations and pathologies typically treated in secondary care that are closely related to eating disorders (EDs). In fact,secondary care is often the first (and sometimes only) contact patients with EDs have with a healthcare professional. In these situations, EDs can go unnoticed by healthcare professionals treating the patient if they do not have proper training. In this article we will discuss diseases and clinical situations typically managed in secondary care that may be associated with or attributed to EDs. We will discuss how to collect evidence regarding their role in the development or perpetuation of ED, and the preventive measurements that can be taken.


Introducción: Existen numerosas situaciones clínicas y patologías cuyo manejo se realiza de forma habitual en la atención especializada y que están estrechamente relacionadas con los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). De hecho, la atención especializada es a menudo el primer (y a veces único) contacto con el profesional sanitario en un paciente con TCA. En este contexto, los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria pueden pasar inadvertidos para el profesional que trata al paciente si no tiene una adecuada formación. En este artículo se desarrollan aquellas enfermedades y situaciones clínicas propias de la atención especializada en las que existe una posible asociación con los TCA, intentando recoger la evidencia en cuanto a su papel en el desarrollo o mantenimiento de estos trastornos y los aspectos preventivos.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos
10.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 68(6): 428-438, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34742476

RESUMO

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality and is frequently associated with nutritional disorders, the detection and proper management of which can contribute to improving quality of life and survival. Being aware of the consequences and of the different treatments for this neoplasm allows us to offer an adequate nutritional approach. In surgical candidates, integration into ERAS-type programs is increasingly frequent, and includes a pre-surgical nutritional approach and the initiation of early oral tolerance. After gastrectomy, the new anatomical and functional state of the digestive tract may lead to the appearance of "post-gastrectomy syndromes", the management of which may require diet modification and medical treatment. Those who receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant antineoplastic therapy benefit from specific dietary recommendations based on intercurrent symptoms and/or artificial nutrition. In palliative patients, the nutritional approach should be carried out while respecting the principle of autonomy and weighing the risks and benefits of the intervention. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance and role of nutrition in patients with gastric cancer and to provide guidelines for nutritional management based on the current evidence.


Assuntos
Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Neoplasias Gástricas , Gastrectomia , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia
11.
Nutr Hosp ; 38(4): 857-870, 2021 Jul 29.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34126747

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Nutrition education (NE), as part of the treatment of eating disorders (EDs), plays a crucial role in helping patients to change their food attitudes and routines, lose fears, and recover a healthy eating pattern. All these changes may contribute to improving their nutritional status. However, there is a lack of consensus and standardization concerning the procedures to teach it. This work's objective was to elaborate a consensual protocol for NE implementation in the treatment of EDs to help in decision-making regarding which patients are appropriate candidates to receive NE, the agents (family, school community) and professionals involved, and the areas in the healthcare system that are best suited for implementation. Moreover, it would help in selecting the the topics to be imparted, and in following up treatment progression.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La educación nutricional (EN), dentro del tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), juega un papel fundamental ya que contribuye a que el paciente modifique sus actitudes y rutinas en relación con la comida, pierda miedos y restablezca un patrón de alimentación saludable, favoreciendo de este modo su recuperación nutricional. Sin embargo, existe falta de consenso y estandarización acerca de los procedimientos para llevarla a cabo. El objetivo de este trabajo es elaborar un protocolo consensuado de EN en el contexto del tratamiento de los TCA que permita ayudar a la toma de decisiones sobre: los pacientes candidatos a recibirla, los agentes (familia, comunidad escolar) y profesionales implicados, los ámbitos de implementación de la intervención, la información sobre los pacientes que es necesario conocer, los temas, objetivos y contenidos a trabajar, y la necesidad de evaluación de la progresión del paciente y los programas desarrollados.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/terapia , Guias como Assunto , Nutricionistas/educação , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Humanos , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Nutricionistas/tendências
13.
Nutr Hosp ; 35(Spec No1): 1-9, 2018 03 07.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29565627

RESUMO

Eating disorders (ED) are characterized by persistent changes in eating habits that negatively affect a person's health and psychosocial abilities. They are considered psychiatric disorders, highly variable in their presentation and severity, with a huge impact on nutrition, which conditions various therapeutic approaches within a key multidisciplinary context. A group of experts in nutrition, we decided to set up a task force adscribed to the "Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral" (SENPE), which has stated as one of its goals the development of a consensus document to generate a protocol based on the best scientific evidence and professional experience available in order to improve health care in this field.


Assuntos
Avaliação Nutricional , Distúrbios Nutricionais/terapia , Consenso , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/terapia , Humanos , Distúrbios Nutricionais/diagnóstico , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Terapia Nutricional , Apoio Nutricional , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto
14.
Nutr Hosp ; 35(Spec No1): 11-48, 2018 03 07.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29565628

RESUMO

Anorexia nervosa is the most common psychiatric disease among young women and it is assumed to be of multifactorial origin. Diagnostic criteria have recently been modified; therefore amenorrhea has ceased to be a part of them. This disease shows a large variability in its presentation and severity which conditions different therapeutic approaches and the need to individualize the treatment, thus it is indispensable a multidisciplinary approach. The goals are to restore nutritional status (through an individualized diet plan based on a healthy consumption pattern), treat complications and comorbidities, nutritional education (based on healthy eating and nutritional patterns), correction of compensatory behaviors and relapse prevention. The treatment will vary according to the patient's clinical situation, and it may be performed in outpatient clinics (when there is clinical stability), in a day hospital or ambulatory clinic (intermediate mode between traditional outpatient treatment and hospitalization) or hospitalization (when there is outpatient management failure or presence of serious medical or psychiatric complications). Artificial nutrition using oral nutritional supplements, enteral nutrition and exceptionally parenteral nutrition may be necessary in certain clinical settings. In severely malnourished patients the refeeding syndrome should be avoided. Anorexia nervosa is associated with numerous medical complications which determines health status, life quality, and is closely related to mortality. There is little clinical evidence to assess the results of different treatments in anorexia nervosa, when most of the recommendations are being based on expert consensus.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/dietoterapia , Avaliação Nutricional , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Adolescente , Anorexia Nervosa/complicações , Anorexia Nervosa/epidemiologia , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Consenso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Nutricional , Medicina de Precisão , Síndrome da Realimentação/terapia , Adulto Jovem
15.
Nutr Hosp ; 35(Spec No1): 49-97, 2018 Mar 07.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29565629

RESUMO

Bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder are unique nosological entities. Both show a large variability related to its presentation and severity which involves different therapeutic approaches and the need to individualize the treatment, thus it is indispensable a multidisciplinary approach. Patients with bulimia nervosa may suffer from malnutrition and deficiency states or even excess weight, while in binge eating disorders, it is common overweight or obesity, which determine other comorbidities. Many of the symptoms and complications are associated with compensatory behaviors. There are many therapeutic tools available for the treatment of these patients. The nutritional approach contemplates the individualized dietary advice which guarantees an adequate nutritional state and nutritional education. Its objective is to facilitate the voluntary adoption of eating behaviors that promote health and allow the long-term modification of eating habits and the cessation of purgatory and bingeing behaviors. Psychological support is a first-line treatment and it must address the frequent disorder of eating behavior and psychiatric comorbidities. Psychotropic drugs are effective and widely used although these drugs are not essential. The management is carried out mainly at an outpatient level, being the day hospital useful in selected patients. Hospitalization should be reserved to correct serious somatic or psychiatric complications or as a measure to contain non-treatable conflict situations. Most of the guidelines' recommendations are based on expert consensus, with little evidence which evaluates clinical results and cost-effectiveness.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar/terapia , Bulimia Nervosa/terapia , Avaliação Nutricional , Terapia Nutricional/métodos , Adulto , Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar/epidemiologia , Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar/psicologia , Bulimia Nervosa/complicações , Bulimia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Bulimia Nervosa/psicologia , Consenso , Feminino , Guias como Assunto , Humanos
17.
Nutr Hosp ; 31 Suppl 3: 196-208, 2015 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25719787

RESUMO

Early identification of undernourished patients in the healthcare setting, and their nutritional treatment, are essential if the harmful effects of poor nourishment are to be avoided and care costs kept down. The aim of assessing nutritional status is to determine the general health of a patient from a nutritional viewpoint. All hospitalised patients should undergo nutritional screening within 24-48 h of admission, as should any patient who shows signs of being malnourished when visiting any healthcare centre. The infrastructure and resources available, the possibilities of automisation, and the healthcare setting in which such assessment must be performed, etc., determine which method can be used. The European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) recommends the use of the Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) method for hospitalised patients, the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) in the community healthcare setting, and the first part of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) for elderly patients. In centres where screening can be computerised, the CONUT® or INFORNUT® methods can be used. A nutritional diagnosis is arrived at using the patient's medical history, a physical examination (including anthropometric assessment), biochemical analysis, and functional tests. No single variable allows a diagnosis to be made. The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and MNA tests are useful in nutritional assessment, but they are not universally regarded as the gold standard. At our hospital, and at many other centres in the Spanish health system, the Nutritional Status Assessment (NSA) method (in Spanish Valoración del Estado Nutricional) is used, which involves the SGA method, the taking of anthropometric measurements, and biochemical analysis. After making a nutritional diagnosis, which should be included in the patient's medical history adhering to International Classification of Diseases code 9 (ICD- 9), and prescribing a nutritional treatment, the patient should be followed up. No single marker can be used to monitor progress; interpretations will once again require examination of the patient's medical history, the taking of anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Depending on whether a patient is ambulatory or hospitalised, the follow-up assessment times and variables measured will differ.


La identificación precoz del paciente malnutrido en el entorno asistencial y su abordaje nutricional es esencial para minimizar los efectos deletéreos de la desnutrición así como para disminuir el gasto sanitario. La valoración nutricional tiene como objetivo determinar el grado de salud desde el punto de vista de la nutrición y debe realizarse en todo paciente hospitalizado en las primeras 24-48 horas, y en el ámbito ambulatorio, ante cualquier paciente que presente sospecha de desnutrición. La elección del método de cribaje depende de la infraestructura y recursos disponibles, posibilidad de automatización y ámbito asistencial, entre otros. Así, la European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) recomienda el uso del Nutritional Risk Screening­ 2002 (NRS-2002) en el paciente hospitalizado, el Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) a nivel comunitario y la primera parte del Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) en población anciana. En aquellos centros en los que exista posibilidad de informatizar el screening pueden implantarse el CONUT® (Control Nutricional) o el INFORNUT®. El diagnóstico nutricional se realiza a través de la historia clínica y dietética, exploración física que incluya antropometría, análisis bioquímico y pruebas funcionales. No existe un único parámetro que per sé, que permita el diagnóstico nutricional. La Valoración Global Subjetiva (VGS) y el MNA son herramientas útiles para la valoración nutricional, aunque no se cuenta con ellas como el "gold estándar" de forma universal. En algunos de nuestros centros (e.j. el Hospital La Paz) y en muchos otros, nos servimos de lo que llamamos "Valoración del Estado Nutricional", que resulta de la integración de la VGS, antropometría y bioquímica. Tras un adecuado diagnóstico nutricional, que, idealmente, debería recogerse en la historia según la codificación CIE-9, y una vez hecha la prescripción nutricional, se es necesario un seguimiento para evaluar la adecuación de la misma. Tampoco en el seguimiento nutricional existe un marcador único, basándose de nuevo en la interpretación de un conjunto de datos de historia clínica, antropometría y laboratorio. Según el entorno asistencial en el que nos encontremos (ambulante u hospitalario) existirán unos tiempos de evaluación y parámetros de elección distintos.


Assuntos
Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Idoso , Atenção à Saúde , Hospitais , Humanos , Desnutrição/diagnóstico , Espanha
18.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(6): 1295-302, 2014 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25433111

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: For the last 20 years, most adult patients following home parenteral nutrition (HPN) under the care of the Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Dept. of the La Paz University Hospital (Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética del Hospital Universitario La Paz), Madrid, Spain, have received their nutrition formula via a catering system (Nutriservice) responsible for its preparation and home distribution. AIM: To assess the clinical characteristics, quality of life and degree of satisfaction with the care received, of patients undergoing HPN who received their nutrition formulae via the named catering service. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The characteristics of the patients who received HPN via this service between 1992 and 2013 were retrospectively collected. Those patients still undergoing treatment completed a quality of life questionnaire, plus a survey of their satisfaction with the catering system and the care provided by our department. RESULTS: Seventy eight patients were examined; 57.7% were men. The mean age of the patients was 53.1±14.3 years. The most common underlying disease was cancer, both in advanced stage (33.8% of all cases) and in stages in which active treatment was being provided (34%). The most common indication for HPN was intestinal obstruction (46%). The median duration of HPN treatment was 96 [1-5334] days. The most common complication was catheter infection (72%). For the analysis of the results, the patients were divided depending on disease type: those with advanced stage cancer, those with cancer under active treatment and with a better prognosis, and those with non-oncological disease. The patients undergoing active oncological treatment believed the quality of their lives to have been improved by the Nutriservice catering system, and rated the care received by our department positively. CONCLUSION: In our experience, patients with cancer are those who most commonly receive HPN, especially those with advanced disease. Given the seriousness of their conditions, and the complexity surrounding the use of HPN, catering systems appear to offer a means of improving their quality of life.


Introducción: La mayoría de los pacientes adultos con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) que dependen de la Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética del Hospital Universitario La Paz, reciben desde hace más de 20 años la fórmula de nutrición a través de un sistema de catering que elabora y distribuye directamente al domicilio del paciente. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas, calidad de vida y grado de satisfacción con la atención recibida de los pacientes con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria que recibieron las fórmulas de nutrición mediante el sistema de catering: Nutriservice. Material y métodos: Se recogen retrospectivamente las características de los pacientes que utilizaron fórmulas de nutrición parenteral en su domicilio a través de Nutriservice, desde el año 1992 hasta la actualidad. Los pacientes en tratamiento activo realizaron un cuestionario de calidad de vida y encuesta de satisfacción sobre el sistema de catering y la atención prestada por nuestra Unidad. Resultados: Se registraron 78 pacientes, el 57,7% eran hombres y la edad media 53,1±14,3 años. La patología de base más frecuente fue el cáncer, tanto en estadios avanzados (34%) como en tratamiento activo (34%). El motivo principal de indicación fue la obstrucción intestinal (46%).La duración del soporte nutricional tuvo una mediana de 96 días (1-5334). Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las infecciones relacionadas con el catéter (72%). Se analizaron los resultados, clasificando a los pacientes según la enfermedad de base: cáncer en estadio avanzado, cáncer en tratamiento activo y mejor pronóstico y patología no oncológica. Los pacientes en tratamiento activo consideraron afectada su calidad de vida y valoraron positivamente el servicio ofrecido por Nutriservice y la atención recibida de la Unidad de Nutrición. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia, los pacientes oncológicos son los que con mayor frecuencia tienen nutrición parenteral domiciliaria, siendo muy frecuente su indicación en estadios avanzados de la enfermedad. A la gravedad de la patología de base se une la complejidad de la NPD. Los sistemas de catering podrían ser una alternativa eficaz para mejorar la calidad de vida en algunos de estos pacientes.


Assuntos
Nutrição Parenteral no Domicílio/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/terapia , Serviços Terceirizados/estatística & dados numéricos , Satisfação do Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha
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